Gum disease is the chronic swelling and infection of the gums and dental tissues. It is usually caused by bacterial plaque buildup on the teeth, and it is the major cause of adult tooth loss. If left untreated the bacterial plaque will harden into calculus (tartar), which is a rough, porous mineral buildup that is yellowish - brown in color.

Tartar forms above and below the gum line, and because it is rough and porous it will absorb food and nicotine stains. The tartar excretes toxins causing gum inflammation, which develop into periodontal pockets. These pockets harbor more bacteria, resulting in the breakdown of the fibers that hold the gums securely to the teeth. Without treatment, this leads to the loosening of the teeth, or even tooth loss. And as the condition worsens, the infection moves deeper into the jaw to destroy the bone holding the tooth in place.

Signs of gum disease include:

 · Red, tender gums
 · Bleeding while brushing or flossing
 · Shift in bite pattern
 · Presence of pus between the gum and tooth
 · Chronic bad breath
 · Receding gums
 · Loose or separating teeth

Periodontics is the treatment and prevention of gum disease. Gum disease is reversible if caught while in the early stages (gingivitis). Dr. Rasi will scale the tooth to remove plaque and calculus, and plane the tooth roots to smooth them. Dr. Rasi may also prescribe antibiotics to clear up any infection. If the patient has an advanced case, the dentist may need to surgically trim the gums, remove the hardened plaque build-up, and re-contour the damaged bone.